There are many different ways or formats individuals, businesses, organizations can use promote themselves and their ideas, information, services, products (proactive) or where individuals, businesses, organizations ideas, information, services, products will be seen by their customers (reactively).

Not that they are so different, but people and firms tend to divide themselves into two categories of business, that is, business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business selling (B2B) situations. Firms in each of these situations need to be aware that without a constancy in the ways customers learn of them customers will get a murky view of who is doing the offering and the products and services they offer.

Because individuals, businesses, organizations divide themselves into those who sell to consumers and those who sell to other businesses and organizations, I make two lists:

In Business-to-Consumer (B2C) selling one can reach customers or is seen by customers through:

1. Mass media: print, broadcast, direct mail, telemarketing, fax, email, Internet
2. Display: location, building, signing, window/ counter/shelf display, environment, attire, printed materials, web sites
3. One-on-one: in person, by letter, fax, email, telephone.
4. Follow-up after the sale: in person, by letter, fax, email, telephone.
5. Indirectly through someone else who made their opinion about who is doing the offering and what is being offered from the above sources or from another party.

In Business-to-Business (B2B)and intra-business selling can reach customers or is seen by customers through:

1. Past, current and potential Individual, business, organizations -- their management, representatives/agents, printed materials, web sites, displays, trade shows and organizations.
2. In-house staff and management’s ideas, wants, needs, and experiences, both positive and negative.
3. The media: print, broadcast, direct mail, telemarketing, fax, email, Internet.
4. Other people who may have knowledge (real or imagined, true or false) about what is being offered.
5. Customers’ personal shopping experiences, both positive and negative.

Each of these methods have a purpose. No one by itself will do the job so do not expect a method to do what it cannot possibly do. For example:

Mass Media is often thought to be a prime source for getting sales. By itself, Mass Media is not a good marketing medium. To get people to buy something new or change from one idea, information, service, product to another without it being on sale is, per idea, information, service, product from mass media presentations will be very low compared to the numbers reached and the costs involved.

Mass Media’s main function is one being a facilitator sales by making those people potential customers may be talking to aware of the ideas, information, services, products under consideration. Then, when the customer goes to discuss it the customer will have less selling to do in order to justify or get approval of what they're contemplating buying or what they have bought.

Displays of ideas, information, services, products are those presentations between mass media and one-on-one selling. While the Rule of Selling applies to all selling, it is in display presentations not following the rule will have disastrous results.

One-on-one can be more effective because the individual, business, organization can more easily tailor their presentation to meet the needs of the customer. While it may be more costly and time consuming the seller can easily change the presentation to meet the customers wants or needs.

Another way of looking at one’s marketing mix is by using two different categories:

Personal Presentations


• One-on-One – In person, Letter, E-mail, Fax, Telephone
• Selling Environment
• Attire/Grooming
• Public Presentations, Civic Activities
• Networking
• Trade Shows

Impersonal Presentations (Prospecting)

• The Media –Print, Broadcast, Web Site, Direct Mail, Telemarketing, Fax & E-Mail, Public Relations Releases
• Printed Materials of all kinds
• Signage
• Widow, Counter, Shelf Display
• Broadcast Fax and E-Mail
• Direct Mail
• Sponsorships

Personal Presentations are used to sell to new customers, more to current users of a product/service, and prospects.

Impersonal Presentations are used to sell, primarily, to prospects or new customers It is very possible that some Impersonal Presentations will be used to sell to current users of products/services, that is not its primary function but an added value of these types of presentations.